सोमवार, 3 मार्च 2025

BIMAL ROY'S ' AMRIT KUMBHA'

 

BIMAL  ROY’S  ‘AMRITA KUMBHA’


 
Bimal da died relatively young at the age of 57 of  cancer leaving behind a body of work which has immortalized him – Parinita, Do Bigha Zameen, Biraj – Bahu, Sujata, Parakh, Madhumati, Devdas, Bandani are his renowned works in Hindi . His greatness could be ascertained from the fact that these films were  both , commercially and critically successful and  received many Filmfare and National awards.  

However; the subject of the article is ‘Faith’ Bimal da had in ‘Poorna Kumbh’ Mela rituals . This is revealed in a Book Chapter titled ‘Bimal da’ written by Gulzar who was his assistant at that time  . This is part of the book by name –‘The Man who spoke in pictures- Bimal Roy’ , edited by his daughter Rinki Roy Bhattacharya.

Here Gulzar narrates his days spent with Bimal da when he was working on a film script titled , ’Amrita Kumbha’, with the background of the ‘Kumbha Mela’ at Prayagraj. In 1954 during Kumbha Mela at  Prayag there occurred a stampede and thousands of people died . Inadequate administrative arrangements and crowd control were causes reported. The accident affected many families and the tragedy became part of the folklore and people mourned the demise of the near and dear by narrating the tale in a poetic form. The Bengali writer Samresh Basu wrote a book titled ‘Amrit Kumbha Khoje ‘ on the stampede and the ‘Kumbh Mela’  of 1954. Bimal da had read the book when it was serialised in Anand Bazaar Patrika and was very enthusiastic about it . The book was his prized possession , kept by his bedside. It was heavily marked with pencil in between the printed lines and on the margins. Numerous small paper notes were inserted and pinned in it . It had become bulky and seemed as if there was another book  in the  belly of the original . Bimal da had a clear vision of the screenplay and he had mastered the sequence and characterization. It is  believed that if one takes bath at the confluence of Ganga , Jamuna and Saraswati at Sangam in Prayagraj on the auspicious ‘Jog Snan’  ( derived from ‘Yog’ ) day  during ‘Poorna Kumbh’ when the early golden sunrays are touching  the water you are cured of all sins and diseases  and live for one hundred years . Gulzar had asked Bimal da if he believed in it and Bimal da replied that it was a matter of faith and written in ‘Shastras’.

The ‘Shahi Snan’ of Kumbha is called  ‘Jog Snan’ by  Bengali  devotees. The ninth day of ‘Poorna Kumbha’   brought out in the book by the writer  was being followed in the film making by Bimal da . Traditionally and in practice  the auspicious days  of ‘Poorna  Kumbha’ are -Makar Sankranti , Mauni Amavasya, Basant Panchami and  Magh Poornima, known as ‘Shahi Snan’ .

 The novel was in first person where the writer narrates the story. There is one  character of Balram who suffers from tuberculosis    and wanted to bathe at Sangam on the ninth day of ‘Poorna Kumbh’ to be  cured of his  disease ! As the people were rushing out of the train at Allahabad he gets crushed in the stampede and dies. Bimal da would repeatedly point out that the writer has killed him too early and insisted that it should die  later in the film . Gulzar argued that the writer perhaps has shown his death   in the beginning so as to indicate of the tragedy ( stampede in Mela)  in the end and to create a  balance of the narrative, but Bimal da was adamant.

 Once he was detected with cancer, which was not disclosed to him, he was confined to his home but his commitment and perseverance for this film never waned . He was to go with his team and take shots of the Annual Magh Mela in Prayagraj but since he fell ill he directed Gulzar and his team to take the shots and gave them detailed instructions . The main shooting was to take place during the ‘Poorna Kumbh’ in December 1965.  

Gulzar did visit ‘Magh Mela’ in Allahabad and took some shots , but his mind was occupied by the illness of his master. The team also knew that the film was unlikely be completed . The following conversation between Gulzar and Kamal da ( Cameraman, )  brings out the reason behind Bimal Roy’s   obsession with the film :

“One evening after returning from shooting , Kamalda asked , ‘ Why is Bimal da making this film

‘I had asked him once ,’ I answered.

‘What did he say?’

‘ I told him of a feeling that I am the writer who had gone in search of amrit which makes man live for a hundred years . Surrounded by the cigarette smoke he had coughed. His face had turned red and after he recovered his breath , he added, ‘I too have been searching for that amrit’.

‘ Confused, I had asked . ‘ Do you really wish to live for a hundred years ?’

‘Hmm.’

‘ That day , the topic ended at that point . On another occasion , ‘ he said ,    A hundred years do not literally mean that many years. It means that a man attains immortality through this amrit.’

‘What amrit is that?’

‘ Bimal da had stared far into space for a long time .’

‘ thinking back , now I feel that he knew that he had cancer .’

‘ He answered at length , ‘ Culture. I want  to become a part of the culture of this land so that …’. He wanted to say that he wanted to become immortal but he did not say it .”

The health of Bimal da continued to deteriorate and he had become frail and shrunken but he did not cease to talk about the film based on the book. One day he called Gulzar and admonished him for not working enough on the script and asked him to sit every day in the evening with him on the script . He insisted to shoot during the Kumbh of 1965 and Gulzar told him that it would commence on 31 December and the ninth day of ‘Jog Snan’ would fall on 08 January 1966. In between a new film by the title of ‘Sahara’ was shot for a few days but then the shooting had to stop as he  was unwell.

He continued to discuss the finer details of the film with Gulzar and was particularly unhappy about the timing of the death of the Balram.  Gulzar writes:

Balram’s death kept on shifting and during the debate lasting two to three months his timing of death was discussed , it was being pushed forward by slow degrees. One day Bimal da said happily –“ I have finally discovered the right place for that scene . On the day of the Jog Snan , at the crack of dawn   as the first ray of sun falls on water ..’ he coughed excitedly . His whole body racked by the cough , but he continued , ‘ that is when the death occurs . This first death would balance the stampede in the climax . Balram would die on the day of the Jog Snan.”

  As the fatal day neared all his family members and colleagues would expect the tragic hour to arrive. However when Gulzar would meet him he would talk of the film . As it was December 1965 and the ‘Poorna Kumbh’ had commenced he told Gulzar that they would shoot after the culmination . Seeing the fast deteriorating condition of Bimal da Gulzar stopped visiting him as he could not see his suffering.

Finally the tragic day arrived and Gulzar states: I got the news in the morning and it was as if the sword of Domacles hanging over my head had been removed . The moment I recovered my breath , tears  poured out of my eyes . It was 8 January 1966, the day of the Jog Snan” 

As the ‘Maha Kumbh’ of 2025 culminates in  Sangam at Prayagraj , Bimal da would be smiling watching the proceedings from above ; having attained immortality !

 

 

 

 

A SWEET SONATA- 'SONNY BOY ' BY AL PACHINO

 

.                                     A  SWEET  SONATA !                          

            (   BOOK  REVIEW : SONNY  BOY   BY    AL PACHINO )                               



Inroduction

This is an autobiography of my Hero whom I have followed closely since the time I saw the two Godfather films in Bangalore in 1979. Godfather introduced him to me and Godfather 2 cemented his image. Such a subtle and subdued performance ! the radiance in his silences made me his admirer forever. I followed his films and whatever was being written about him with a fan’s devotion . His biography ‘ A life is on the wire’  by Andrew Yule and then his full book interview by Lawrence  Grobel ; both were very interesting and informative. Indeed, it is challenging to write on a person’s autobiographical work whom one has admired and adored him since youth, defended his apparent over the top performances among friends , lamented his being ignored by the Academy for so many worthy nominations in Oscars. And yet one is compelled to perform once bounden duty as a cinema goer.

 This autobiography of his is like so many of his films is brilliant! A work of Art.  Simple narrative , truthful and candid . He talks about most of his life, ideology , problems and work and life milestones and his inner-self is shown to us which is a revelation! Indeed a  great artist , and greater human!  

  

The Beginning In South Bronx

 He says that for posterity he was prompted to write his life story. It was for his little son born to him a year ago at age 83 which made headlines. He writes in detail about his childhood . He lives with his single mother, they are from Italian descent . His parents had married when they were very young and as soon as when Al was born his father had left his mother. She brings up Al  on her own ,  she would take young Al with her to the movies and on his return he would enact those scenes to the delight of his mother and grand parents. He writes: “ I was performing since I was just a little boy”.

“ I learnt at an early age to make friends with my imagination.”

 When his mother could not afford living single and working in factories she shifted with Al to her parents house. His  Maternal grandfather was from  Corleone town of Sicily,  a plasterer and therefore Al  had influences of his mother and grand parents. Mother never marries again , suffers from anxiety and depression  , Al seems to have imbibed this from her. The book’s title  ‘Sonny Boy’  is the name by which his mother used to call him, which was from a film song she would sing.

 

  When he was writing this he perhaps was aware of his legacy, of the impact he would be making with his millions of admirers and followers all over the world. In this book he gives us an account of his personal life , of his life in theatre , of the various films he made . What is revealed to us is behind the film work , creative and logistics and financial which goes on to make this landmark cinema . It is told to us how he collaborated with his directors and producers to make an impact. He wanted to set the record straight in his words, this work was for his children and for his admirers and for the students of cinema . It is certainly a well documented history of a great artist .

 He  documents his lows as well as highs.  He remains so close to his mother who showed him the silver screen out of no ambition but for an escape from the drudgery of her daily life and no man in her life. She would have not known that the child she was taking to movies was going to be the one of the biggest performer of theatre and cinema  but sadly she would not be there to see it.  An artist , a true artist true  in mind and action. Cinema was his mother’s therapy and young Al’s indoctrination , his baptism . He is admired by his class mates for his acting abilities and his teacher insists that he continues with acting: After the school production of ‘The king and I ‘ a school student told him ‘ Hey you are the next Marlon Brando’

Blanche Rothstern was his junior High school teacher came home climbing four floors and advised his mother that ‘ Al must be allowed to continue to act’ his Granny was also there ‘ this is his future’ . She was so devoted. True ‘encouragement’- the greatest word in the English dictionary’ writes Al.

 He would sing psalms in church and realized the power of the ‘word’ ,but fearing that virgin Mary will make him a saint he did not go for his confirmation of the holy communion -

“ But when I read from the book of psalms in a loud booming voice –“ He that walketh uprightly and worketh righteously  and speaketh  the truth to the heart” I could feel how powerful the words were. Because the words can make you fly . They can come to life”

  He gets selected to the school of performing and does  well . He is also elected  by the students as a ‘student who is likely to succeed in life’   . unfortunately he is unable to continue to study till High School and get his degree as his mother could not afford further studies . He was there till age 16 ; the legal age after which one may discontinue. After that he seeks and does various odd jobs to support himself and his family, but continues to learn himself .

There is this deep desire to support his mother who needs good medicines on account of her sensitive nature and depression for which she was under medication , and then one day his mother takes an overdose of medicines which shakes him.

 His father has also been in touch with him . He is known to his family and visits them, his paternal grandmother is very possessive of him and he has fond memories of her. But even though he considers that his mother did not get a good deal in the separation terms and his father got away without much commitment in terms of financial aid to his wife he is not bitter . One of the cherished memories he has is of his mother and father walking back home after cinema with Al in between holding their hands . They dine at ‘Howard Johnson’ a popular eating place. Al Pachino is  understanding and never utters anything against his father. This affects him life long –‘suspicion of marriage’. He has numerous relationships , comes close to marrying and yet shies away calling marriage –‘pain train’. He has children from his relationships , four from three partners , is a doting father and cares for his children , shuttles between work and parent responsibilities dutifully but never marries ! 

  He is depressed and lonely after the death of his mother and copes by drinking and walking in the streets of Manhattan reciting famous monologues in loud voice , books became his friends! He carried pocket sized books of renowned authors and classical albums with him . “ I would walk the streets all day and then I would sit in the library pretty much for warmth. But I became a voracious reader . I had no teachers and no homework assignments, so I followed my own passions”

On his own and Meets Charlie

He finds a friend and  acting coach  in Charlie Loughton ‘ Charlie possessed a literary brilliance that I wish I had myself. He turned me on to novelists and poets I did not know’  He Joins Herbert Berghof Studio where Charlie teaches as an acting student. And as he is unable to pay  so he has to clean the floor and make the class presentable for lessons. In the city of New York  there are plenty of platforms to perform on stage and Al waits for his turn and opportunity.

Early in his life he had seen the play ‘Seagull’ by Anton Chekov and was moved by it. It was performed in a hall of 2000 seating and only 15 to 20 audience was around watching and Al was among them. Watching the play moved him tremendously and he became a student of Chekov and an avid reader of his plays. He is not formally educated but he imbibes education on his own Chekov and Charlie become his Gurus . He and Charlie would move the city  together and this way he learnt a lot from him. Charlie predicts his stardom :

“ He stopped on the stairway , looked back at me , paused and said ‘ Al you are going to be a big star ‘ and Charlie never talked like that . I mean never. As long  as I know him he never said a word about that stuff. That was not his deal at all. It came out of nowhere.”

“ I said to him “ I know Charlie I know “ and I meant it

He was doing off-off-off-off Broadway performances at village cafes. ‘Hell at There ‘by William Sarzan , sixteen performances at coffee cine, Cornelia street , pass hat to what a little audience was there – Sartre, Ibsen, Bertold Breth, Chekov.

It was during the enactment of Strindberg’s play ‘Creditors’ that there is a moment of self realization which gives him confidence and reassurance

And then one night   , onstage , just like that , it happened . The power of expression was recreated to me in a way it never had before . I wasn’t even searching for it . That is beauty of these things .”

 

You ‘re not looking for it . I am opening my mouth and I am understanding somehow that I can speak. Words are coming out and they are the words of Strindberg , but I am saying them as if they are mine . The world is mine , and my feelings are mine , and they are going beyond the south Bronx . I left the familiar , I became part of being larger . I felt that there was more to me , a feeling that I belonged to the whole world and not just one place . I am thinking to myself , what is this? It feels as though I was lifting off the ground . I thought yes , this is it it’s right here and I can reach at and touch it . This is out there and this is what I know , now is possible , all of a sudden , in that moment, I was universal”

“ I know I didn’t have a worry after that . I eat . I don’t eat . I make money , I don’t make money. I ‘m famous , I ’m not famous . It didn’t mean anything anymore. And that is lucky , in this business when you don’t care about that . A door was opening not to a career , but to success or fortune , but to the living spirit of energy. I had been given this insight into myself , and there was nothing else I could do but say , I want to do this for ever”.

Indian Wants The Bronx- Meets  Francis Capolla

   He acts in a play titled ‘Indian wants the Bronx’ and this play makes him famous . On the strength of this play he gets a chance to perform in Broadway ‘ ‘Does a Tiger  wear a necktie?’ and he performs well. Wins Tony Award. He is seen by Francis Ford Capolla who calls him to San Francisco for a role in a movie for which he had written a script . He spent about four five days with him.  The screenplay was about a young married professor with children who falls in love with his own student he wanted Al to play the professor , but no studio was ready to finance the proposal even though Francis had won an Oscar for his screenplay of ‘Patton’. The proposal never took off and Al returned to New York.

 Martin Bergman a popular producer and manager  identifies him and casts him in a junkie film ‘Panic in the needle park’   in which he plays a young junkie and has as girlfriend . The film was received well and the girl got the best actress award in Cannes film festival.

 Then Godfather happened . Francis called him to play the role of Michael Corleone the youngest son of Don played by Marlon Brando .Al Pachino had read the novel by the same name by Mario Puzo who co wrote the screenplay with Francis . Al is surprised and indeed shocked and for a moment thought that there was some one else on line . He commences shooting and interprets the role in his own way . After a few days of shoot Francis called him to state his acting was not clicking whereas Al thought that he was going with the flow of the film . He showed him the rushes   . Studio was more keen to cast Robert Redford, Jack Nicolson or Warren Betty. Therefore they decided to give him another chance and decided to shoot the sequence where Michael shoots the police inspector in a restaurant . It is shot well though Al Pachino gets injured in the process and he moves on with the shoot .

  The success of Godfather makes him a star . He is unable to cope with attention and adulation . No body could help him even Lee Strasburg said him to adjust! He took to heavy drinking and drugs. He becomes a recluse , he is not a party man , has very limited friends circle.

 He is nominate for Oscars and does not attend the ceremony . During that time there was this news that he did not attend on account of many factors- he was a recluse,   he was shy  , wanted to stay away from spotlight , was scared of flying . But the media at that time made their own interpretation and stories , of which Al was not aware till recently . He was made to be arrogant and refused to attend as he was not nominated in the best actor category but ‘supporting’ category . In the book he sets the record straight and writes that he never had any such issues and he realized this false news vey late in life . He was primarily afraid to fly and was a little recluse post Godfather; ‘Garbo effect’.

 After the success of Godfather he does ‘Serpico’ , ‘Dog Day afternoon’ and ‘Justice for all’ and all are successful and he is nominated for Oscars in all of them. He does attend ‘Serpico’s’   Academy award function sozzled .

 Success begets  success and so Godfather 2 is made after the super success of Godfather . This Godfather is even more successful critically . Paramount approach Al Pachino for the title role and offer 1 million dollars which he refuses , they raise to 2 and 6 million  , but he was not keen as the script was  not good enough . They then collaborate on the script Charlie and Al Pachino giving suggestions at one end in a hotel in San Francisco and Francis Ford Capolla  and Mario Puzo at the other and together they reshaped the winning script.

 Then comes the highpoint in his career and he makes ‘Scarface’ a modern remake of 1932 film which was set during the depression era. This new film is set in modern times about Cuban immigrants and drug mafia  . He has over the top performance in the film which I too did not appreciate during the release. But over the years like Godfather it has become a cult film . It started slow but went on to become a blockbuster . Directed by Brian De Pama it was a project of Martin Bergman. It was not only . Al feels that he deserved to be nominated for Oscars for his performance . Perhaps this is the only project of which he feels bad. The role of Tony Montana played by him is very popular and he earns money still being a profit sharing partner in the film, the screenplay was by Oliver Stone. Al Pachino writes of ‘Scarface’-  At its opening , Scarface was a flop; not commercially , but critically. Artistically. Spiritually.’

Oliver Stone the writer tells : “ ‘You know what it is , Al? he told me . “ It’s anarchy . They are dancing in the aisles’

Al was not nominated for Oscars  his fans gave him a home made Oscar which looked exactly like the Oscar only a little bigger. He  has kept it till date.

He is selective  about the choice of his films and the script and his role are his primary concerns . He turns down many reputed international filmmakers such as Fellini, Ingmar Bergman , Bernardo Bertolucci  even though he wanted to work with them.

Takes a Break

 

  There are commercial and critical failures which follow one after the other- ‘Bobby Deerfield’ directed by Sydney Pollack is not received well . ‘Author -Author’ a comedy fails. ‘Revolution’ a much ambitious project made in location in England is a disaster.  His closeness and commitment to his projects prompts him to retrieve the film of its goodness , he writes “ For twenty year period after ‘Revolution’ was released Hugh Hudson and I continued to get together , finding more ways to work on the film, putting things we thought were missing , cutting it down where we could. We raised our own cash and I got friends to write some of the voice over narration. After Hugh passed away there was a special screening of the new cut of the film called ‘Revolution , Revisited’  for  a couple of hundred people at the Aero theatre in Santa Monica. When you saw it on the screen of that size and in a theatre with those acoustics , you saw a great director attempting something magical .”

“ Sometimes you just have to do things away from commercial pressures and the demands of box -office opening weekends , which I just had no understanding of it “ 

 

 

There is confusion – so he takes a break , which he regrets later. But he reads a lot , is in relationship with Diana Keaton and does theatre and is a productive period in which he makes his first private film ‘The Local Stigmatic’ which is shown in private screening and is appreciated by eminent playwright  Harold Pinter  . But then after a period of four years he finds himself in financial crises of not his making but of his accountant . And so he looks for  work which he thought would come easily on account of his past work but he was wrong . Since he was not current he finds that the agents whom he meets do not share his concepts and ideas .He is frustrated and returns home dejected . But then his old manager and friend Martin Bregman bails him out and recommends he does ‘A sea of Love’ which is a successful return film of his. He then does ‘Carlito’s Way’ , ‘Godfather 3’ as he and Francis both needed money .He had liked the script of Godfather 3 but the public did not accept Michael seeking redemption . It did not do so well commercially and critically but Al was nominated for Oscars. He gets the Oscar finally for the ‘Scent of a woman’    .

 He again runs into financial problem on account of his finance person who was spending without his consent and was even signing the cheques. Therefore Al resorts to charging for his lectures and seminars which earlier he never used to . This saved him from financial crises. 

In order to be more independent and creative and to preserve his Art he produces  private movies in his career starting with the ‘The local stigmatic’ a play in which he had acted earlier, ‘Chinese coffee’ , ‘ Wilde Salome’, and ‘Looking for Richard iii. ‘ Looking for Richard’  was one of his most ambitious projects during which he travelled to places , he shot in England with a cast which included Kevin Spacey, Alec Baldwin. . He talks to veteran Shakespearean actors , and this film is very close to his heart .It is a docu- drama and so does not qualify for the Oscars for which Al is disappointed .He sells the film to a producer expected wide viewing but though he gets back his money the viewing is limited as the person who buys it is shifted to another organization. He feels sad that though he had put his heart and soul into the movie it did not get the viewership and appreciation which he was looking for.

I did it with my own finances ,so I didn’t have to answer to anyone or conform to the various rules people have when they put money into your film and want that money back . An Art film is a gamble , and you can’t expect to make back your investment or get upset when that doesn’t happen . They aren’t made to be commercial , they serve a different kind of audience “

David Wheeler wanted me to play Richrd iii….” I went to Boston for that adventure which wound up being one of the most rewarding  things to happen to me since the ‘Indian wants the Bronx’ . Richrd iii is one of those classical roles that has made the reputations of actors from Edwin Krar to John Barrymore to Lawrence Olivier”

 

In his advanced age also his dedication and commitment to theatre is admirable . He acts in a play –‘Chinese Doll’  in his old age promotes and performs . His performance is criticised by the critics but he improves gradually and finally gives an outstanding performance.

At an advanced age he makes ‘Irishman’ for which he is nominated for Oscars in the supporting category . Earlier he was apprehensive and avoided Oscar  award ceremony but now he is excited , he takes his daughter and children to attend and they are all very excited . He talks about acting in ‘The House of Gucci’ and was happy of its commercial success. He is cast as ‘Shylock’ in ‘Merchant of Venice’ and the film is shot extensively and does well. He also acted in the  play in the same role.

Finally he mentions his desire to make ‘The King Lear’ for which all the preparations were in hand – script , cast and the director . He was very excited about it and expected it do well and his final creation and an ambitious project.

 

                                                    ASSESSMENT

Well we know what we have seen in his films but what is revealed to us in the book is the heart and mind and soul of Al Pachino . What does one make out of him? His beliefs and ideology his internal makeup . How the person is wired?

Mother

His mother is central to his life . His sensitivity , anxiety is attributed to her nature . She is responsible to nurture him and keep his safe from his childhood friends who end up dying due heroin addiction . His initial story seems to similar to Charles Chapin whose father had left him and he is with his mother who is hungry in the winters of England and young Charles is unable to find food for her which affects her mind lifelong . He ensures comfortable life for his mother when he is rich and famous with a nurse looking after her , but she is unable to grasp the changed situation similar such was the irony with Al ; when he has money his mother was not there . The title of the book is the name given to him by his mother and he ends the book saying: “ All I want is the chance to walk up to her , look in her eyes , and simply say –“ Hey , Ma , see what happened to me ?”

Father

He exonerates his father of his responsibilities by not stating a single word against or critical of him . He remains in touch with him , attends his wedding  and when someone comments that his father was using his name and fame he retorts by saying that it was he who got the name from his father! However being a loner and sensitive he looks out for ‘father figures’ in his life – Charlie, Martin Bregman and Lee Strasberg !   “ I seemed to have found and accumulated these kinds of people throughout my life , surrogates for the father I never had . Now I had three in the mix at once : there was Charlie , there was my manager Martin Bregman, and there was Lee Strasberg”

Charlie was his acting coach and sounding board and they would spend time together. Martin was a producer and Manager who brought ‘ Panic in the Needle park’, ‘Serpico’ , ‘ Dog Day Afternoon’ and the iconic ‘Scarface’  and Lee admitted him in his ‘Actors’ Studio’ where he performed to his liking and in a way prepared for new roles . He says that Lee had intellectual reach and unpredictability.

Acting Method

He clarifies this that though he has been known be to a ‘method actor’ he prepared for each role  role differently and follows his own methods , he also quotes Hamlet to clarify his approach : But since I was a kid. I got criticised by people for being a ‘method actor when I did not know what they were talking about – Method? I played a role in a play  . How I observe it and bring it to life that is my task. That is what I go often’

“‘Hamlet    says something that pretty much summed up my own feelings about being taught how to act’

“ let your discretion be your tutor , suit the action to the word, the word to the action , with this special observance that you overstep not the modesty of nature..”  in other words go to acting classes, have an audition , show yourself that you can do the part. But do not listen to the teachers . You have to be careful. Take what they say and use only what you identify with ; just use that. There are no rules , but when it comes right down to your performance it does not matter what most perhaps think . Your intuition should not be swayed by the audience but your own imagination and your willingness to go into yourself and express what is there.”

An Actor Prepares

 He has been preparing for his roles from a very young age . His training begins when his mother takes him to cinema and he enacts those actors. Then he is enrolled in the School of Performing Arts and his teacher comes home to tell that he should continue to act for that was his future . He sees  Chekov’s ‘Sea Gull’ which hits him like a ‘bolt’ and Chekov is part of his life . He becomes a voracious reader of plays, novels and poetry as his support system and to self educate , he relishes reading and through reading creates his own safe haven . He meets Charlie and joins his acting school. He would walk the lonely streets of Manhattan and practice aloud the monologues from famous plays . Does theatre in off-off-off- Broadway platforms – Ibsen , Strindberg, Bertold Brecht, Sartre . Does ‘Indian wants the Bronx ‘ which is successful , joins ‘Boston Repertoire ‘ which opens a new world for him. He does ‘Does Tiger  wear a Necktie?’ in Broadway . Is noticed by Francis Coppola , Martin Bregman , Sidney Poitier and is accorded opportunity in cinema .

He has his own way to prepare . For Godfather he takes long walks and meditates upon the role . For Serpico he has extended   discussions with ‘Serpico’ . He would listen to loud western classical music before going for his shot in ‘Godfather 2’ . He does accent training under an expert and also weight training to prepare for  Tony Montana in ‘Scarface’. In addition to going to blind school and learn ‘Tango’ he asks his three year  daughter to play ‘blind’ in order to get in the role of the blind Colonel in ‘Scent of Women’.

Therefore as said by him he has no ‘standard’ method to prepare for a role . But, he prepares in his own way as the role demands.

Another interesting aspect of his personality is that he shows himself less to public by way of advertisement or promotion interviews or through media or gossip media. This he does so that people do not get an overdose of him and look forward to his work: “ Truth be told , I was so concerned with my staying out of everything when I was younger . I thought. The less you know about me , the better choice I will have that you will appreciate what I do when I am playing a role”.

God   Belief  Intuition

There exist deep belief in him of God ; a spirit which is with him and blesses him which he acknowledges  but is not exhibitive of it . He sings Psalms in Church as a young school boy goes for the ‘Holy Communion classes’ and looks at Mother Mary with faith and devotion and believes that if continues to be regular one day she would make him a Saint ! He therefore does not go for his confirmation .   “ I know my belief in the spirit of God has helped me through things, but I must say I get some solace in something Einstein said that I tend to agree with –‘ believe in Spinoza’s God who reveals Himself in the orderly harmony of what exists , not in a God who concerns Himself  with fates and actions of human beings’ “

“ When I was fifteen , back at the high school of performing Arts. I played the lead role of the producer Sidney Black in our school production of the old Moss Hart play from the 1940s ‘Light up the sky ‘ a role Sam Levene just made famous. I think I was able to play that part with a kind of belief I’ve always tried to aspire to. I was on the tightrope , and I was a butterfly , flying up , up, and away into that place that I call Nirvana. God gives it to you . God says you can go there. Why? Because you have wings. You don’t know you have wings until God brigs them to your attention . As Michaelangelo said” Lord free me of myself so I may please you”. .

Now I am not religious or anything  . But I feel there is a spirit . You don’t have to call it God . In A. A. they call it the higher power . Whatever it is . Whatever you think it may be , that was mine. I believed it would happen although it wasn’t something I was preoccupied with  at the time or really thought about it at all . I just sort of assumed that was what was going to happen , and I accepted it . Whatever this acting thing was , I could do”

Money

 

He has no attraction for money and therefore no great interest in making money even though he was poor , his mother died being poor who could not afford sophisticated medical treatment and financial help. He admits his lack of knowledge of money . He wants to be an artist and contribute to Art even after spending his own money  which he does by making private movies . Acts in plays without charging his fee. Is on the verge of financial crisis on two occasions in life partly due to his financial managers and partly because he was not aware how money works!

“ I can’t even explain why I didn’t care about the money . I was never a materialistic person . I don’t know where I got that from . I appreciate the finer things in life as much as the next guy , and I won’t refuse a good meal or first class seat if someone offers it to me , but to actually go out and seek that for myself ? That’s another story.”

“ I don’t understand how money worked , any more than I understand how a career worked . It was a language I just didn’t speak

He did a film titled ‘Cruising’ in which he played an undercover police officer and it was perceived to be anti -gay community which Al did not realise earlier. Later when he realised , he did not take any money for the film but put it in deposit for anonymous charity . He called it exploitative film  :

“ I never accepted the paycheck for cruising . I took the money , and it was a lot and I put it in a irrevocable trust fund. I gave it to charities , and wit interest it was able to ride a couple of decades . I don’t know if it eased my conscience , but at least the money did some good . It was always donated anonymously , because I didn’t want to make it  a PR stunt-I just wanted one positive thing to come out of that whole experience”

 Fame

He is a private person and shy of attention . When he became famous after ‘Godfather’ it was  difficult for him to adjust in the new situation . He admits that he was not a party man and he never wanted to shift to LA from his comfort zone of plays and theatre in New York. He would have preferred doing plays all his life , marrying a seamstress and having ten children he states!

“ I was leery of the media glare that came with film roles . I saw the future for myself when I did repertory theatre . These were the plays that could change my life” These playwrights were prophets . They made me a better actor , gave me an education , offered me a deeper  understanding of the world , and filled me with joy . Who wouldn’t be satisfied with that ? I remember feeling I could be perfectly content doing just that . I ‘d wind up marrying a seamstress and we’d have ten kids . It was a strange fantasy but it gave me some hope . I said as much at the time in an interview with the ‘New York Times’ before  ‘The Godfather’ had made me a big star . Years pass and opinions change , which is why it’s kind of ridiculous to have an opinion. But the bottom line is , I meant it then , and if  I had the opportunity , I’d say that again . Maybe eight kids instead of ten”

“ Fame , as my friend Heathcote Williams said , is the perversion of the natural human  instinct for validation and attention . It was so ephemeral and so strong

Art

He says that he was an artist could have been a musician . He would play the piano and think that he could be Beethoven or Satie . He carried his classical album collections with him along with books . Listen to the collection of Lee Strasberg in his company . Devote time and money in theatre doing all kinds of plays -Ibsen, Brecht, Sarte , Strindberg, David Mamet , Shakespeare . There is this deep commitment to contribute something in the field of Art . He does his private films – ‘The local stigmatic’ in which Harold Pinter saw Art and said : “Every once in a while we see something different . We come into contact with Art in films”. I just sat there stunned”  

He does ‘Chinese Coffee’ . ‘Looking for Richard’ a documentary -Drama on ‘Richard iii’  by Shakespeare in order to document his attraction and devotion to the Bard! He resents that his efforts in this direction meet with limited success as few people saw it . Yet he says that he has done the biggest Richard!  “ I’ve come to realize that when I do my own things , nobody goes. Those avant -garde influences that I was brought up with never left my brain”

He shows his appreciation of Oscar Wilde by acting in the play ‘Salome’ and making a film titled ‘Wilde Salome’. He distinguishes between commercial and Art films and as in India so too in US it was  difficult to find money and audience for it ; it remains in limited circulation . He admits this and his hurt specially when his ambitious project on ‘Looking for Richard ’ remains unseen by many in cinema world of Los Angeles .

He qualifies to be part of the famous ‘Actor’s Studio’ of Lee Strasberg and performs there such plays which he would not get opportunity elsewhere . He in a way satisfied his artistic urges at the Studio of Lee: “ When I was still an unknown I did everything and anything at the Actors; Studio that the commercial world would never give me part in . I did musicals there; I did Hamlet , I did Richard with Francisca de Sapio as my Lady Anne” “

He would say that like a risky performer ‘ Life is on the wire’ rest is waiting

Even when at the age of eighty he would be criticised for his performance in ‘China Doll’ , he would press on and continue with his performance undeterred as he believed in Art and himself and finally delivers:

“ But it was tough with China Doll on Broadway because they had written me off . Sometimes , when you become reputable , you get looked at as a body of work instead of as the thing you just did last week. You get endowed with things you don’t really have . Your fame and your gifts as an actor are exaggerated .”

 

 

Personal Ethics

 

He has certain ethics which he has expressed and which are admirable . It started as a young boy of six when he returns from his first day of school he tells his grand father who was shaving in front of the mirror that he saw a boy doing something very bad and he reported to the teacher and the boy was punished . His grandfather without turning his head said ‘So you are a rat?’. It hit him hard and since then  he never ratted on anyone.

He would make a clear distinction between work and personal life and never let his work affect his personal life and vice versa : “ I could see that a pattern already starting in me some innate understanding that work is work and romance and life come second”

At one point in time specially after the death of his mother and post Godfather he would be drinking and taking drugs to maintain his sanity and to cope up with his changed status , He turned to Lee Strasberg for help who advised him to adjust! Finally he took help and met Psychiatric and left drinking and When he did work on Bobby Deerfield he was not drinking . He had seen his three close friends from South Bronx die of heroin addiction and had the determination and his mother’s care never to take that path. He never let his drinking affect his work , though :

“ I will not drink when I worked that was my  by thing. Work was always first ‘ It was that gave me identity and solace , made me feel , I was closer to who I was”

He has had many partners and relationship in his long career at various junctures . He admits that he likes women but he never woos anyone with a boyfriend or husband :

It turned out that Kathleen had a boy friend and any woman with a boy friend or husband is off limits. I just will not go there. Guess it is somewhere in my ancestral roots. Who can explain it?”

 

New York v/s Los Angeles

He is a South Bronx born and brought up personality who has roamed around in Manhattan and the factory areas with his three friends . Played pranks and all child mischief in these familiar surroundings . It was his home which reminded him of his Mother  and grand parents , school and teachers . He built his theatrical career here in cafes, off -off -off Broadway  theatre and then at Broadway . Met his mentors Charlie and Lee Strasberg . And  was closely associated with the ‘Actors’ Studio’ which  shaped his future, and therefore he never wants to leave New York .  Initially he would even avoid going for negotiations of  projects  to LA as it would entail travel by Air which he feared . He does not even go for the Oscar ceremony when he was nominated for ‘Godfather’ because he did not want to fly!

But circumstances compel him to visit San Francisco and LA on account Godfather and then later he settles there because the film business was there . Now he lives in Beverely hills , but earlier he would prefer to stay away from the crowd and had apartments at quieter places. He is a stranger in Los Angeles . Unable to fathom the party scene ,the power of the critics and the gossip world . He is critical of it . And perhaps , in my opinion that he never gets Oscars for so many years despite being nominated.

 “ I started to think myself ,How can I live here?”

“ When I went to the Oscars for Serpico , I felt out of place . When I went back twenty years later , I was in exactly the same state . I was still out of place . I hadn’t  developed that part of yourself that comes to life and allows you to accept where you are”

He experienced a glamorous and artificial world where every one was careful lest they offend a critic and get his career spoiled. He would be shocked with the power of the media and cinema critic and takes many years to adjust:

“ In certain quarters you had to watch out because you could tell the currency they ran on was gossip. You’re just getting the froth , the cream on top , but there’s no cappuccino in that cup you censor ”

“They don’t stay late so they don’t say anything wrong after drinking!”

“ The worst thing is when you offend a critic , and who knows how that happens ? I like to stay away from anyone  who has the power . If you censor yourself because you don’t want to hurt someone’s feelings, I could live with that . But  when you censor yourself because you don’t want to jeopardise   a job or a career , well , there goes the human experience . How are you going to make real friends if you’re faking it?”

 

Influences and Colleagues

Among the playwright of the present era he  was influenced by David Mamet whose ‘American Buffalo’ Al did for long and later his ‘China Doll’. Heathcote Williams who wrote ‘The Local Stigmatic’ was associated with him and Al not only performed in the play he made his first private film on the play . Among the Actors the generation of Marlon Brando , Montgomery Clift , James Dean he liked . He particularly liked Brando and Richard Burton and when he met Elizabeth Taylor he was delighted as he liked Burton whom she had married twice. He is influenced by the courage and genius of Orson Welles and says that he made ‘Looking for Richard’  influenced by him.Among his contemporaries he is full of praise for Dustin Hoffman and Robert De Nero . He mentions that Dustin ‘broke the sound barrier’ in the film ‘The Graduate’.   He is particularly fond of Robert De Nero with whom he is compared . He admits that they get similar roles but they were different and admits that there was competition as they were doing similar roles  . He calls him Bob and is appreciative of his friendship with him . He states that in the seventies He , De Nero and Dustin Hoffman were bracketed together and that he was compared to Hoffman too.   He did ‘Heat’ , ‘Righteous Kill’ and ‘Irishman’ with De Nero . ‘Heat’ was their first film together and the Director Michael Mann cast them because he did not want any similarity between the two main characters -Al Played the cop and De Nero the criminal. De Nero was interested in the role of the criminal and Al was ok with his role. The two have one important scene together in a restaurant . Al writes that Bob ( De Nero) did not want to rehearse the scene and he too agreed and the scene was done without it and  is the highlight of the movie.

Longevity and Energy

Al Pachino states at  more than one place in the book about his high energy levels and how Charlie would say that it would require a five hundred pound Gorilla to pull him back to normalcy! He admits casually that he makes up for his lack of  intelligence with his energy! Well! He was an athlete and baseball player in his school and young days . He also is surprised to reach an age of more than eighty and still not feeling Old or tired though he admits that time is short for him but he sounded enthusiastic about his ‘King Lear’ project .Perhaps his yet another contribution to Art and cinema!

“ I ask myself how can you be old and not feel old ? I don’t know how I got here. A lot of people who get past eighty don’t know how they got there . Did I really try to eat certain foods or do certain things? I’ve had a ravaged life. I know that if I would have kept drinking and drugging , I would have been dead twenty – five years ago. Fame and wealth changes everything in your personal life . It requires a certain type of adjustment”

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

शुक्रवार, 24 जनवरी 2025

ADIEU SHYAM BENEGAL: MY BEACON LIGHT

 

Anant Nag closes his door after repeatedly whipping Sadhu Maher in the final scene of ‘Ankur’ . Shabana Azmi is crying loudly cursing the landlord and taking her injured husband home. We in the audience are deeply disturbed by the sexual and physical exploitation by the Landlord Anant Nag.  Suddenly we witness on screen a child picking up a stone and hitting on the windowpane of the landlord’s house; there is sound of the window glass breaking , the child flees and the screen turns red! This was  in 1974, Shyam Benegal’s first feature film .

The above climax scene left me with many questions at age 16 . Later after discussions with my uncle  I understood the subtext of it . It suggested the awareness  against exploitation and simmering of revolt. I was in the midst of understanding the New cinema and  discovered my ‘Master’ . I followed him very closely thereafter ; ‘Nishant’ was a progress   further of his expression . The idea which he had floated in the end of ‘Ankur’ he executed in ‘Nishant’ when the villagers rise to slay the tormenter zamindar whose family had abducted the Head Master’s wife played by Shabana Azmi . It won the National award for the best film. With ‘Manthan’ he completed his trilogy . But ‘Manthan’  was a promotional film made on the story of Verghese Kurian who set up ‘Amul’ and brought about ‘ white revolution’ in India on the basis of ‘Cooperative movement’. The film was ‘crowd funded’ – the five lakh farmers contributed   of Gujrat sponsored it by donating Rs 2 each. It was the ability and vision of Shyam Benegal who made it into a landmark feature film by outstanding performances by Smita Patil and Naseeruddin Shah. Recently the film was restored digitally and shown in Cannes Film Festival  and was applauded with cheers.  The film also won the National award for the best film and best screenplay.

He did not adhere to only one genre but made a bold shift to direct Samita Patil in ‘ Bhumika’ in 1977, based on the autobiography of the Marathi actress Hansa Wadkar . Deftly directed the complex story set in the cinema world  about the personal and cinematic journey of the protagonist played by Smita Patil and ably supported by Amol Palekar who played her husband, Naseeruddin Shah, Amrish Puri and others . He had introduced Smita Patil in the children’s movies ‘Carandas Chor ‘  and ‘Manthan’ but in ‘Bhumika ‘ she makes a strong impact in the central role. The film won the best film Filmfare award and Smita Patil received her first National Award for best acting . The film  received National award for the best screenplay.

His name was established by then as the most distinguished director and Shashi Kapoor asked him to direct for his banner. ‘Junoon’ made in 1979 was based on the story of Ruskin Bond –‘A flight of pigeons’ set in the backdrop of the 1857 First War of Independence . It was a multi-starrer with Shashi Kapoor leading the cast in the Pathan’s role Javed who falls in love with Ruth ,the daughter of the English officer who is slain by the mutineers . The family takes shelter in Javed’s residence . The historical atmosphere , battle scenes , dramatic and romantic situations were absorbing and convincing . The performance of Naseeruddin Shah the revolutionary brother of Javed was distinct and convincing. The film was well received and got the Filmfare award for the best film and direction , it won a total of six Filmfare awards . It also received the National award for the best feature film in Hindi and for cinematography and Art direction. By now it was established that Shyam Benegal could handle varied subjects and themes. He directed ‘Kalyug’ in 1981 for Shashi Kapoor banner again . It was based on the epic ‘Mahabharat’; a modern interpretation set in a corporate family. Excellent casting, innovative screenplay and brilliant performances made the film widely popular and a reference material to this date. Shashi Kapoor played Karna, Anant Nag -Arjun, Kulbhushan Kharbanda – Bhim, Raj Babbar – Yudhisthir and Rekha was cast as Draupadi. Victor Bannerji came into limelight in the role of Duryodhan,  unlike the traditional look of  the character he was lean and anguished .

He thereafter embarked on portraying varied and complex subjects as well dwelling into history, communities and other social subjects . His depth of exploration could be judged from his English film on Mahatma Gandhi ‘The Making Of Mahatma’ which had Rajit Kapoor in the title role . Shot much in South Africa it captures Gandhi’s early experiments in social mobilization and its success and confidence which made him return to India and fight for freedom . South Africa was Gandhi’s  training ground. He kept making films till 2010 regularly ‘Well done Abba’ was made that year . After a long gap of many years he directed a movie on Mujibur Rehman in 2023. Prior to that in 2005 he directed a biography on Subhash Chandra Bose which had impressive dramatic moments and performances but did not live up-to expectations as the canvas was very wide and the war scenes required finesse.

He has perhaps a unique distinction of making films to promote a certain cause aligned to the Government policy and yet these films are so rich in cinematic aspect and creativity that the element of educational purpose remains subdued yet makes it impact  as if it were integral to the story . The first such film was ‘Manthan’ which has been discussed above . In 1987 he directed Shabana Azmi and Om Puri in ‘Susman’ in which Om Puri played the role of a silk saree weaver and Shabana Azmi played his wife whereas Neena Gupta is portrayed as an art and craft promoter.  The film depicts the laborious yet creative  life of a weaver which is exploited by the people with money . The third such film was ‘Hari Bhari’ promoted by the Health department and story was woven around a joint Muslim family in rural India and relevance of  family planning .

 However his seminal work is ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’ for Doordarshan in 1988. This was a 53 episode  series dramatizing and narrating the history of India as written by the India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in his famous book ‘Discovery Of India’ written in jail during the Quit India movement . Roshan Seth  plays the role of Nehru and appears on screen in between to narrate the story further a sort of traditional ‘Sutradhar’ a ploy very well employed by the Director. Another uniqueness of the series was the loud recitation of ‘Vedic Shloks’ in   the beginning of the episodes which created a remarkable atmosphere and filled the audience with expectations . This project gave opportunity to a large number of theatre artists  in challenging and grand roles of historical figures , many were National School Drama graduates and looking for an opening .  Presence of   Naseeruddin Shah as Shivaji and Om Puri as Aurangzeb gave the series much respect and following . This remains  a much profitable History lesson for citizens and children as  well . He also made a 10 part documentary on the Constitution of India titled ‘Samvidhan’ for Rajya Sabha TV in 2014 and is a popular instructional film. Later in life he was visiting various International universities as a visiting Professor of Cinema.

 

 He leaves behind  a large body of work consisting of 23 feature films and  numerous documentaries. . His documentary on ‘Nehru’ and ‘Satyajit Ray’ was much appreciated and awarded too.   What makes him Master  class  was his tremendous ability to make his artists perform , this was said by Satyajit Ray also . He identified acting talent and gave them opportunity . There is a School of Shyam Benegal Actors- Naseeruddin Shah , Shabana Azmi, Smita Patil, Kulbhushan Kharbanda , Rajit Kapoor, Girish Karnad, Sadhu Meher, Anant Nag, Supriya Pathak ,  Rajeswari Sachdev. The performances which established as well as new artists gave in his films was different. Large number of the artists received many awards and appreciation and career openings through his cinema. The above was possible on account of the scripts he prepared in collaboration with his writers from the very beginning – Satyadev Dubey, Shama Zaidi, Vijay Tendulkar, Khalid Mohammad, Ashok Mishra , Girish Karnad ,  and others. He also mentored other artists under him the most prominent was Govind Nilhani who was his Cinematographer and made similar but hard hitting cinema –‘Aakrosh’ , ‘Ardh Satya’ and ‘Tamas’ stand out. Shayam Benegal’s long list of 18 National award and Dada Saheb Phalke Award is testimony to his talent. The wide media coverage which his death news received is proof of his tremendous contribution .

We had forgotten Shyam Benegal;  his death shook us with a jolt  from our slumber and realize his immense contribution over last 50 years . His cinema stands as a clear mirror specially to the present cinema makers who have pushed cinema to its nadir– ‘Animal’, ‘ Pathan’ , ‘Jawan’ , ‘Singham’ . Cinema can always be made with commitment and one survives with the limited commercial earnings . This was the ideology of Bimal Roy, Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Basu Chatterjee and Shyam Benegal. Their cinema shall remain our saviour.